What is an EORI Number?
An EORI number is a unique identifier used by customs authorities to track and manage goods entering or leaving a country. It is mandatory for businesses engaging in import and export operations across international borders, ensuring compliance with customs regulations and facilitating efficient trade processes.
Key Features of an EORI Number
- Format:
The EORI number begins with a country code (e.g., “GB” for the UK, “EU” for the EU), followed by a unique identifier of up to 15 alphanumeric characters. - Purpose:
It is used for customs declarations, Entry Summary Declarations (ENS), Exit Summary Declarations (EXS), and other customs-related activities. - Scope:
Applicable to businesses, freight forwarders, e-commerce sellers, and economic operators involved in cross-border trade.
Who Needs an EORI Number?
An EORI number is required for any business or individual involved in commercial importing or exporting goods.
EORI Number for UK Businesses
- UK-based businesses trading with countries outside the UK need an EORI number UK, starting with “GB.”
EORI Number for EU Businesses
- EU-based businesses or companies importing into the EU must obtain an EORI number EU, issued by the member state where customs declarations are first made.
EORI Number for Freight Forwarders
Freight forwarders acting as intermediaries in international shipping require an EORI number to handle customs declarations on behalf of their clients.
EORI Number for Non-EU Businesses
Non-EU companies trading with the EU must apply for an EU EORI number in the country where their goods first enter the EU.
EORI Number for the USA
While the USA itself does not issue EORI numbers, US-based businesses trading with the EU or UK will need to obtain an EORI number in one of these regions to ensure smooth customs processing.
Importance of EORI Numbers for Supply Chain Optimization
An EORI number is essential for streamlining supply chain operations, particularly for businesses engaged in international trade.
How EORI Numbers Optimize the Supply Chain
- Customs Efficiency:
Customs declarations are processed faster when an EORI number is provided, reducing delays at ports of entry. - Improved Tracking:
EORI numbers enable better cargo tracking, enhancing visibility throughout the supply chain. - Regulatory Compliance:
Ensures adherence to global trade regulations, preventing fines or penalties.
Post-Brexit EORI Number Changes
Since the UK left the EU, businesses must now navigate new requirements for EORI numbers.
Key Post-Brexit Requirements
- UK EORI Number (GB):
Required for businesses importing or exporting goods to or from the UK. - EU EORI Number:
Mandatory for UK businesses trading with EU countries. - Northern Ireland EORI (XI):
Businesses moving goods between Northern Ireland and non-EU countries need an XI EORI number.
How to Apply for an EORI Number
How to Apply for a UK EORI Number
To apply for an EORI number UK, follow these steps:
- Gather Required Information:
- Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR).
- Business start date and Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code (available in the Companies House register).
- VAT number and effective date of registration (if VAT-registered).
- National Insurance number (for individuals or sole traders).
- Submit Your Application:
- Use the Government Gateway portal to apply online.
- Receive Your EORI Number:
- Most UK applications are processed immediately. If additional checks are required, processing may take up to 5 working days.
How to Apply for an EU EORI Number
For businesses importing into the EU:
- Identify the Member State:
- Apply in the EU country where your goods will first clear customs.
- Provide the Necessary Documentation:
- Business registration details, VAT number, and proof of establishment in the EU.
- Application Timeline:
- Most EU member states process applications within a few days.
How to Apply for an XI EORI Number (Northern Ireland)
If you’re moving goods between Northern Ireland and non-EU countries:
- Prerequisite:
- You must first have a GB EORI number.
- Submit Your Application:
- Provide proof of a permanent business establishment in Northern Ireland, if applicable.
- Processing Time:
- Applications are typically processed within 4 working days.
EORI Number FAQs
1. Is an EORI Number the Same as a VAT Number?
No, an EORI number is used for customs declarations, while a VAT number is for tax reporting. They are separate identifiers but may be linked for VAT-registered businesses.
2. How Long Does It Take to Get an EORI Number?
- UK EORI: Immediate issuance for most applicants; up to 5 working days if further checks are needed.
- EU EORI: Processing times vary by member state but typically take a few days.
3. Can Freight Forwarders Apply for an EORI Number?
Yes, freight forwarders require an EORI number to handle customs declarations and other import/export formalities on behalf of clients.
4. Does the USA Use EORI Numbers?
While the USA does not issue EORI numbers, US-based businesses trading with the EU or UK will need to obtain an EORI number in the respective region.
5. Can Small Businesses or Sole Traders Apply for an EORI Number?
Yes, small businesses, e-commerce sellers, and sole traders involved in commercial imports or exports can apply for an EORI number.
Conclusion
An EORI number is a cornerstone of compliance for businesses involved in international trade. Whether you’re a small business, or a large enterprise, obtaining the right EORI number ensures smooth customs clearance, enhances supply chain efficiency, and prevents delays or penalties.
For businesses navigating post-Brexit trade, multiple EORI registrations (e.g., GB and EU) may be required to meet both UK and EU customs regulations. Applying for an EORI number is a straightforward process, but ensuring proper compliance is critical for long-term success in cross-border trade.
The post What is an EORI Number and Who Needs One? appeared first on The Leading Freight Forwarder in Hong Kong And China | Super International Shipping.
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